Diabetes & metabolic

Obesity and diabetes, where incretin drugs have outcome trials and stem-cell islets aim at a functional cure for type 1 diabetes.

3 approaches: 1 available now, 2 in human trials. Grades from A to D describe the human evidence; how we rate.

Approach	Stage	Evidence	One-line verdict	Reviewed
GLP-1 / GIP receptor agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide)Diabetes & metabolic	Approved	Aoutcome RCTs	Large outcome trials show fewer cardiovascular events and kidney protection, with open questions on muscle loss and lifelong use.	Jul 2026
Stem-cell islets for Type 1 diabetes (Vertex zimislecel / VX-880)Diabetes & metabolic	Phase 3	C12-patient early trial	10 of 12 patients were off insulin at one year in an early trial, but it needs chronic immunosuppression and Phase 3 results are not out.	Jul 2026
Retatrutide (triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist)Diabetes & metabolic	Phase 3	Bweight-loss trials	Top doses cut body weight by about 28 to 30% in trials, but outcome trials are still running and it is not approved.	Jul 2026

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